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How Tornadoes Form

The formation of a tornado can be broken down to three stages: 1) low level horizontal spin, 2) updraft tilting, and 3) vertical rotation. Stage 1 (Low Level Horizontal Spin) tornado-form-stage1 Before thunderstorms develop, winds change direction and increase in speed with altitude. This creates an invisible, horizontal spinning effect in the lower atmosphere Stage 2 (Updraft Tilting) tornado-form-state2 Rising air within the thunderstorm updraft tilts the rotating air (stage 1) from horizontal to vertical. Stage 3 (Vertical Rotation) tornado-form-stage3 An area of rotation around 2-6 miles wide now extends through much of the storm. Most tornadoes form within this area of strong rotation.

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Thunderstorm Basics: Structure, Types, and Forecasting Methods

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